The motivation for Asaf Jah 1 to gain control over Hyderabad, was influenced by a weakening Mughal reign. He was fairly experienced in administering and was a good choice for the move. Asaf Jah 1, also known as Mir Qamar-ud-Din Khan, was the founder of the Asaf Jahi dynasty and the first Nizam of Hyderabad. His rule (1724–1748) marked the beginning of a powerful and semi-independent princely state under the nominal control of the Mughal Empire.
WEALTH OF ASAF JAH I
Asaf Jah I implemented an efficient revenue collection system and maintained a strong treasury. Hyderabad’s fertile Deccan plateau and productive agriculture contributed significantly to the wealth. This process continued (except for brief periods) all through, the Nizam reign over Hyderabad that lasted until 1948.
Hyderabad, being strategically located, prospered through trade routes linking northern India with the south and the ports on the eastern and western coasts. It was Asaf Jah 1 the first Nizam of Hyderabad, that initiated a policy to focus on trade and less on war and territorial expansion. At the same time, he realized the importance of staying on good terms with the British.
He issued coins in his own name, a symbol of autonomy from the Mughals, and controlled revenue sources from land and customs. The use of Asaf Jah 1 minted currency meant that, Hyderabad could conduct trade on its own terms and was to an extent, insulated from international currency fluctuations. For the Nizam’s this was way to assert their control, over the territorial and economic aspects of Hyderabad.
Another source for the vast wealth of the Nizams, were the Golconda diamond mines. Starting with Asaf Jah I, the Nizams took control over these diamond mines. The Golconda mines were (at that time), the most resourceful diamond mines in the world. Diamonds like the Koh-i-Noor Diamond, the Seraphim Blue Diamond, the Regent Diamond and the Great Mogul Diamond which are highly valued even today, originated from the famous Golconda diamond mines.
One thing that Asaf Jah 1 and even subsequent Nizams (7 Nizams in all), did not do – was to maintain regular and systematic records of their wealth which included, some priceless diamonds. Transactions were often conducted on a personal basis, losses and thefts were hard to identify. This is highlighted by the elusive Seraphim Blue Diamond and the Great Mogul Diamond. Some mentions of these Golconda diamonds are made but, authenticated narratives and exact (current) locations are a common topic of debate. Seasoned diamond collectors and reputed auction houses, do not believe rumors – they require authentication by reputed diamond testing houses.
DEVELOPMENT UNDER ASAF JAH 1
Administrative Reforms: He established a centralized and structured administration for Hyderabad. Dividing his territory into districts, Asaf Jah I ensured that each district was managed by capable local officials.
Military Strength: As the first Nizam of Hyderabad, he maintained a strong army to safeguard Hyderabad’s autonomy against Maratha and Mughal pressures. Subsequent Nizam’s found ways to keep the British pleased. Rumors exist that the second Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah 2 actually gave the French a rare blue diamond from the Golconda mines in exchange for military protection. The diamond was apparently known as the Seraphim Blue Diamond and as worn, by Asaf Jah 1 in an opulent turban ornament. Authenticated documentation for this diamond and the narration, have not been publicly disclosed until today.
Urban Development: Hyderabad city expanded with new administrative buildings, markets, and improved infrastructure. While this continued almost right through the rule of the Nizams, the trend was initiated by Asaf Jah 1.
His court became a center of culture and learning. The development of buildings during the Nizam rule reflected a unique blend of artistic elegance and practical utility. The Nizams, were great patrons of architecture and invested heavily in public infrastructure and royal palaces.
Patronage of Arts and Culture: Asaf Jah I laid the groundwork for the cultural prosperity seen under his successors. While this is true, records reveal that as the first Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah 1 focused more on administration, as much needed to be done in that sector.
In essence, Asaf Jah I’s leadership was pivotal in transforming Hyderabad from a Mughal province to a semi-independent princely state with a unique identity that lasted until Indian independence.
